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Thread: China Quarantines Millions After Thousands Exposed To Mutating Virus That Has Killed Many

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    Coronavirus may be most infectious when symptoms are mildest, small study finds

    By Nicoletta Lanese | LiveScience




    Editor's note: The study described in this article has now been accepted for publication in the journal Nature. The journal published an unedited version of the manuscript on April 1. This article was originally published on March 11.

    People infected with the novel coronavirus shed large quantities of the virus early in their illness and likely become less infectious as the disease wears on, according to a small study.

    The research, posted Sunday (March 8) to the preprint database medRxiv, is still preliminary, because it has not yet been peer-reviewed and because it included only nine participants. Still, it may hint at why the new virus spreads so easily: Many people may be at their most infectious when exhibiting only mild, cold-like symptoms.

    "This is in stark contrast to SARS," a related disease caused by a different coronavirus, the authors noted. In SARS patients, viral shedding peaked about seven to 10 days into the illness, as the infection spread from the upper respiratory tract into deep lung tissue. In seven patients with COVID-19, the disease caused by the new virus, "peak concentrations were reached before Day 5 and were more than 1,000 times higher" than those seen in SARS patients, the authors wrote.

    This peak appeared later in two patients whose infections had progressed into their lungs, sparking the first signs of pneumonia. In these severe cases, viral shedding reached maximum levels around Day 10 or 11. In the mild cases, viral shedding dipped steadily after Day 5, and by Day 10, patients likely weren't contagious anymore, the authors noted.

    "Based on the present findings, early discharge with ensuing home isolation could be chosen for patients who are beyond Day 10 of symptoms," provided that swab samples from their throat contain fewer than 100,000 copies of viral genetic material per milliliter, the authors wrote.

    "This is a very important contribution to understanding both the natural history of COVID-19 clinical disease as well as the public health implications of viral shedding," Michael Osterholm, director of the University of Minnesota's Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, told Stat News.

    The researchers conducted their analysis by taking swabs from the patients' noses and throats, also examining their blood, urine, stool and sputum — a mixture of saliva and mucus that builds up in the respiratory tract during infection. The team examined each sample for bits of viral genetic material called RNA to determine how much of the virus was present at different stages of the disease.

    Researchers tracked the rise and fall of the virus over time. However, viral load can't reveal whether patients remained infectious, as RNA from the virus may be present in human tissue but not functional. To find out who was infectious and when, the researchers isolated samples of the virus throughout the study and attempted to grow them in the lab.

    The researchers found that they could grow virus from the throat, nose and sputum samples gathered early in the course of illness, but after Day 8, samples taken from patients with mild cases did not yield any viral growth. That change indicates that those patients had become less infectious. Despite their improvement, they still tested "positive" for the virus, however. The finding may help explain reports from China suggesting that the virus can persist in the body for at least two weeks after COVID-19 symptoms clear up.

    The team in the new study could not grow virus from any blood or urine samples collected during the study, nor could they grow virus from stool. The stool analysis was based on 13 samples collected between Day 6 and Day 12 from four patients, as these contained the largest quantities of viral RNA and enabled the researchers to isolate samples. A previous report from China and the World Health Organization suggested that "viable virus" could be recovered from infected people's stool, but it was unclear whether these fragments contributed to disease transmission.

    As the new study is based on a select number of relatively mild cases, more research is needed to determine how stool might contribute to COVID-19 transmission, the authors noted.

    Notably, the team detected antibodies in each of the patients between Day 6 and Day 12, suggesting that the immune system begins building a defense against the pathogen soon after exposure. Scientists don't yet know whether this rapid immune response appears in most patients, particularly those with more-severe infections.

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    Someone asked Trump and Pence the other day at the daily Covid-19 presser why the government won't re-open the Obamacare exchanges to let people that don't have health insurance make purchases on the government exchanges so that they can be covered during the pandemic.



    Uh, why didn't these people buy insurance during the open enrollment period just a few months ago? Do they not know how insurance works? You buy it BEFORE something happens, not after the fact.

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    I keep seeing reference to this 'donut hole' in the US I'd never heard the term, but from what I gathered it's people who make too much for medicaid but not enough to afford (allegedly) private insurance? Is that a real thing from what you guys see?

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    I've never heard that term but Obamacare pushed the price of insurance past what most people can afford.

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    Quote Originally Posted by Griffin View Post
    I've never heard that term but Obamacare pushed the price of insurance past what most people can afford.
    And even if you can afford the 'coverage' the deductibles are so high now you cant use it unless its a major emergency..

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    Quote Originally Posted by Griffin View Post
    I've never heard that term but Obamacare pushed the price of insurance past what most people can afford.
    Quote Originally Posted by Muddy View Post
    And even if you can afford the 'coverage' the deductibles are so high now you cant use it unless its a major emergency..
    Obamacare made insurance available to everyone at a fair price

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    Quote Originally Posted by Teh One Who Knocks View Post
    Obamacare made insurance available to everyone at a fair price

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    It's right in the official name of the bill that was signed into law: The AFFORDABLE Care Act


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    Quote Originally Posted by Teh One Who Knocks View Post


    It's right in the official name of the bill that was signed into law: The AFFORDABLE Care Act


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    Quote Originally Posted by Griffin View Post

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    Quote Originally Posted by Godfather View Post
    I keep seeing reference to this 'donut hole' in the US I'd never heard the term, but from what I gathered it's people who make too much for medicaid but not enough to afford (allegedly) private insurance? Is that a real thing from what you guys see?
    I've never heard the term either but it pretty much explains my situation.

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    I just looked into private insurance. Since my dad was in the Army I can use USAA insurance and its pretty damn affordable. I think I am going to roll up my health, home owners, car and life insurance through them.

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    Quote Originally Posted by Godfather View Post
    I keep seeing reference to this 'donut hole' in the US I'd never heard the term, but from what I gathered it's people who make too much for medicaid but not enough to afford (allegedly) private insurance? Is that a real thing from what you guys see?
    It's a medicare term for when your prescription expenses have maxed out the plan coverage limits but are less then than the amount that kicks into catastrophic coverage. That gap in medicare coverage is the "hole". It was supposed to be phased out last year maybe? I'd have to look. I've not heard that term in any other context.
    I wanted to be a Monk, but I never got the chants.

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    Quote Originally Posted by RBP View Post
    It's a medicare term for when your prescription expenses have maxed out the plan coverage limits but are less then than the amount that kicks into catastrophic coverage. That gap in medicare coverage is the "hole". It was supposed to be phased out last year maybe? I'd have to look. I've not heard that term in any other context.
    No, it hasn't gone away. Fortunately, my wife and I haven't gotten any where near that.

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